Here is a neat breakdown of SEO factors provided by Search Engine Land. Click through for a slideshare that walks through the different factors. There is some jargon throughout the slides, but overall I thought they have done a pretty good job of making it easy to grasp the different SEO factors you have to deal with when trying to get your site ranked.
Periodic Table of SEO Success Factors & Guide to SEO by SearchEngineLand from Search Engine Land
